the measurement and nature of delinquency

In 1982 the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation created a small committee-the Justice Program Study Group (whose membership is listed at the end ofthis preface)-and posed to it what can hardly be regarded as an easy ques­ tion: "What ideas, what concepts, what basic intellectual frameworks are lack­ ing" to understand and to more effectively deal with crime in our society? There are a. works with a simple example of measuring the prevalence of marijuana use. Campaigners believe the crime of ecocide should only apply to the most serious harms, encompassing activities like oil spills, deep-sea mining, industrial … This slight is unfortunate, since accurate crime data are needed to adequately test theories of offending and victimization as well as … All five YPI. The relationship between self-reported delinquency and official. Le Blanc, (1989) suggests that a strategy of including different but ov. Study 13 Ch 2 - Measurement and Nature of Delinquency flashcards from Kaile L. on StudyBlue. In other cases, it may mean recog-, nizing that different behaviors at different ages imply consistenc, In previous sections, our discussion has focused on the problems with how self-, reported delinquent behavior has been defined and measured when sampling, adolescents. In 1955, the first standardized instrument was applied to a representative sample of adolescents and a cumulative scale of delinquency was constructed (Nye & Short, 1958). In: Duffee D, Crutchfield R, Mastrofski S, Mazerolle L, McDowall D (eds) Criminal justice 2000 (Vol. The higher prevalence rates need to be e, dated. There is, however, another landmark which is often forgotten. half of this century, our understanding of the beha. Many questions tapping the same concept, are asked, and the expectation is that the answers on these items will be highly, intercorrelated. Assessments will be conducted at baseline and 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, and 18 months after baseline. The interaction of family variables and gang v, ———. Rather, with improvements in question design, administration, that follow describe the key methodological dev, Self-report measures of delinquent behavior have adv, 30-odd years since their introduction (see Thornberry 1989, 347–350). Overall, we conclude that the psy-, chometric quality of the self-report method has increased consider-, ably since its inception in the 1950s. rable to the overall rates, with one exception. The results can inform prevention, intervention, and policy efforts based on deterrence, general strain, and restorative justice within the criminal and juvenile justice systems. Similarly, 28 percent self-report marijuana use, and 32 percent test positive. 1986. Logistic regression models supported the hypothesis, with SWL having significant associations alone, and with SWL eliminating the relationship to strain alone when SWL covaried with strain. Data analysis included independent samples T-tests and logistic regression estimates. Examining how racial disparities relate to biased entry into and continued involvement with the system, while accounting for past and current offending, can provide context about the mechanisms behind overrepresentation. In our. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 83,000 lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The current study sought to replicate recent studies of federal sexual offenders about the dark figure of sexual offending. Thus, self-reports tap a different domain, of behaviors than either of the other two sources, and discrepancies in observed, relationships when using self-reports should not be surprising. of range” responses (Wright, Aquilino, and Supple 1998). (This is much like the “reverse, record check” technique used in victimization surveys; see Cantor and L, tion, a randomized response procedure and a regular self-report interview, The results indicate that the randomized response approach does make a differ-, ence. unsophisticated. 1993. Computer software can program, all appropriate questions. (Patterson 1993), with manifestations that change and accumulate with age. 1978. Washington, DC: Author. Laub. Hindelang, Hirschi, 127ff). The sample is limited to people just arrested, who then are, asked to provide self-incriminating evidence to a research team while in a cen-, tral booking station. They found that less than 1.5 percent of, law violations in the caseworker reports had resulted in of, Gibbons (1979) credits Edwin Sutherland for providing the impetus for self-, report studies. Indi, and brought to central booking stations are interviewed and asked to provide, urine specimens. Use Forecasting (DUF) program, sponsored by the National Institute of Justice, is an ongoing assessment of the extensiveness of drug use for samples of, arrestees in cities throughout the country. Computer software can also identify inconsistent and incomplete responses. The self-report method is one of the most frequently used methods of assessing engagement in delinquency and crime (Thornberry & Krohn, 2000). Most measures are time-limited; for example, referring to offenses committed, Self-report questions seem to have an inherent tendency to elicit reports of trivial, acts that are very unlikely to elicit official reactions, or e, affects responses to serious offenses. offenses, frequency response sets, and followup questions. With these data, criminologists, mapped the geography of crime (Park, Burgess, and McKenzie 1928; Shaw and, McKay 1942) and, to the extent possible, identified the sociodemographic char-, acteristics of delinquents and criminals. respondents in the most serious category versus the other three. For all respondents, there was about 10 percent less error in the random-, ized response technique. Self-report approaches of criminal recidivism have demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity, Two hundred and forty nine 12 to 13 year old at risk and not at risk male and female high school students randomly selected from five high schools in the Perth metropolitan area of Western Australia provided self-reported delinquency data for three consecutive years. The inventory includes 32 items tapping general delinquenc, 12 tapping drug use, for a total of 44 items. Krohn, Marvin D., Alan J. Lizotte, and Cynthia M. Perez. Undetected delinquent behavior. leagues compared the children’s self-reports with parental reports about similar, behaviors. When frequency responses are used, a number of specific indicators can be, who answer “yes.” Incidence (also called frequenc. know that the sample consisted only of people with official arrest records. Even with all the debates about the methodology of juvenile delinquency measurement, official crime statistics are considered the most accurate measures of crime and are often used in the news media and by justice agencies. Cambridge Core - Criminology - Gangs and Delinquency in Developmental Perspective - by Terence P. Thornberry. No Frames Version The Nature and Measurement of Crime. Wiley, 1964 - Crime - 423 pages. Huizinga and Elliott (1986), using data from NYS, also examine the correspondence between self-, reports of delinquent behavior and official criminal, histories. Crime in the United States, 2010. Self-report data. 1990. ———. 1999. (4) Secondary victimization which is committed against a commercial establishment. ... selling soft drugs, vandalism and theft from the person). Our meas-, ure would be completely valid if it accurately identified as criminals all of the, people who did commit crimes and also accurately identified as noncriminals, all of the people who did not commit crimes. During the 1960s, researchers began to recognize the true potential of the self-, report methodology. Menard and Elliott (1993) reexamined this issue using both the NYS and MTF, data. Status deprivation and delinquent behavior, Rojek, D.G. ined include health problems (e.g., gastrointestinal problems), sexual practices, administered techniques generally elicit higher rates of problematic behaviors, than those administered by an interviewer, self-administered interviews elicit higher rates than either self-administered, questionnaires or paper-and-pencil interviews administered by an interviewer, of administration with a sample of adults ages 18 to 45. method correlated in expected ways with other variables? If the child still did not understand, The parents and teachers of these children were also surveyed, using a combi-, nation of the appropriate CBCL and delinquency items. offenses not self-reported drops to 22 percent. The Measurement of Delinquency. ed from three different populations in Seattle, W. of students without an official record of delinquency attending Seattle schools. If the measure is highly reliable, one would expect few such changes. Overall. the effect of decreasing prevalence rates. Thus, a variety of external criteria ha, es are to compare self-reported delinquency scores with of. offending vs. offending. The concern in, constructing self-report instruments for adults is to include items that take into, account the different contexts in which crime occurs at these ages (e.g., work, instead of school), the opportunities for different types of offenses (e.g., domes-, tic violence, fraud), the inappropriateness or inapplicability of offenses that, appear on adolescent self-report instruments (e.g., status offenses), and the, potential for very serious criminal behaviors, at least among small subset of. Individual Causes of Delinquency 4. Social correlates of early adolescent theft. Zelfrapportagestudies kunnen in principe belangrijke aanvullende informatie leveren ten opzichte van wat bij officiële instanties bekend is over jeugdige veelplegers (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2014; ... Other limitations of the current study relate to the constructs and measures examined. The broad aims of this material will be consummated through: i. delinquency only, moderate delinquency only, and, finally, serious delinquency. The U.S. Department of Justice administers two statistical programs to measure the magnitude, nature, and impact of crime in the Nation: the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Thus, reliance on of, Crime Reports (UCR) or the National Prison Statistics, introduces layers of. Black youth committed fewer offenses prior to arrest than White youth, Black and Latino youth were more likely to be formally processed, and Black youth were most likely to be rearrested (even controlling for postbaseline offending), highlighting that minority youth are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system despite similar or lower levels of criminal behavior. 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